Donne as a Metaphysical Poet Essay

Introduction During the past forty years there have been two major theories of language learning by children. But there are two major schools of thought known as, ‘Behaviorists’ and ‘Mentalists’. One school is of the view that language learning is entirely the product of experience and that our environment affects all of us. Others have suggested that everybody has an innate language learning mechanism. Let us discovery with the help of these two schools of thought that how do children acquire their mother tongue. How do they grow up linguistically and learn to handle the stylistics varieties of their mother tongue? How much of the linguistics system they are born with and how much do they discover from their exposure to language? a) The Behaviorist School B.F. Skinner and his followers are known as behaviorist. According to them language learning is process known as operant conditioning. Conditioned Behavior is behavior which is the result of repeated training. Operant means that it is voluntary behavior, it is result of learner’s own free will, and it is not forced by any outside person or thing. The learner demonstrates the new behavior first as a response to a system of reward or punishment, and finally as an automatic response. In order to prove their theory they conducted an experiment. EXPERIMENT They put a rat in a box containing a bar. If it presses a bar, it is rewarded with a pellet of food. Nothing forces it to press the bar. The first time it probably does so accidentally. When the rat finds that the food arrives, it presses the bar again. Eventually it finds that if it is hungry it can obtain food by pressing the bar. Then task is made more difficult. The rat only gets rewarded if it presses the bar while a light is flashing. At first rat is puzzled. Eventually it learns the trick. Then the task is made more difficult again. This time the rat only receives food if it presses the bar a certain number of times. After initial confusion it learns to do this also. And so on, and so on. Operant condition can be summarized thus STIMULUS RESPONSE REINFORCEMENT REPETITION In operant conditioned, reinforcement plays a vital role. There are two kinds of reinforcement: A) Positive Reinforcement Praise and rewards are positive reinforcement. Experiments have shown that positive reinforcement works much better in bringing about good learning. B) Negative Reinforcement Rebukes and punishments are negative reinforcement. The behaviorists also claim that we learn language by imitation and association. For example, a young child hears the word â€Å"water† with the actual thing. He then makes this sound himself, imitating what he has heard. His parents are pleased that he has learnt another word and so his response is reinforced. The thoughts of behaviorist school can well be understood according to following tree diagram. The Behaviorist School Language learning is Positive Imitation Operant conditioning and and Negative Association Reinforcement Noam Chomsky explicitly rejects the behaviorists’ position that language should be thought of as verbal behavior, arguing that it should be thought of as knowledge held by those who use language. Chomsky suggests that the learner of any language has an inbuilt learning capacity for language that enables each learner to construct a kind of personal theory or set of rules about the language based on very limited exposure to language. b) The Mentalist School Chomsky and his mentalist followers claim that a child learns his first language through cognitive learning. They claim that language is governed by rules, and is not a haphazard thing, as Skinner and his followers would claim. According to Chomsky, the child is born with a mental capacity for working out the underlying system to the jumble of sounds which he hears. He constructs his own grammar’ and imposes it on all the sounds reaching his brain. This mental grammar is part of his cognitive framework, and nothing he hears is stored in his brain until he has matched it against what he already knows and found a ‘correct’ place for it within this framework. Chomsky argues that language is so complex that it is almost incredible that it can be acquired by a child in so short a time. He says that a child is born with some innate mental capacity which helps the child to process all the language which he hears. This is called the Language Acquisition Device, and he saws it as comprising a special area of the brain whose only function was the processing of language. This function, he argues, is quite separate from any other mental capacity which the child has. When Chomsky talks about ‘rules’, he means the unconscious rules in a child’s mind these rules enables him to make grammatical sentences in his own language. Chomsky does not mean that a child can describes these rules explicitly. For example, a four or five year old child can produce a sentence like I have done my work; he can do that because he has a ‘mental grammar’ which enables him to form correct present perfect structures and also to use such structures in the right and appropriate situations. But he is unable to define the formation of present perfect tense. The thoughts of Mentalists can well be understood with the help of the following tree diagram. The Mentalists School Language learning Input Mental grammar Is an (own rules) Innate ability LAD Grammatical Output sentences Both the schools have said significant things, yet neither is perfect. The mentalists’ emphasis on the rule-learning is over enthusiastic, and the behaviorists’ rejection of meaning is entirely unjust. Language acquisition seems to be a process both of analogy and application, both nature and nurture. The differences between the empiricists approach and that of the rationalist can be summarized in the following manner: BEHAVIOURISTS APPROACH MENTALIST APPROACH Conclusion This comparative study makes one thing clear: nature and nurture, analogy and application, practice and exposure are important. Innate potentialities lay down the framework. Within this framework, there is wide variation depending on the environment. The kind of language that children ultimately grow into shaped by the culture-based responses of the family, if not in a way that can be called imitation, then at least in terms of things the child chooses to do with its language. But we should be wary of the idea that all children experience the same practices and follow the same development path as they grow into their language. Having been exposed to a small number of utterances, the child begins to extract the principles underlying the utterances and compose new utterances of his own. This is the way every child grammar to communicate in an intelligent manner. He makes mistakes and produces ungrammatical sentences. His elders correct him; he feeds the information into his mini-grammar, modifies some of the rules, and again produces new utterances. In a period of about four years, he is able to master and internalize all the essential rules of language. This is a proof that a child’s own rules of grammar are more important to him than mere imitation.

A Comparison of Two Poems by Black Poets Essay

Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes are two of the most recognized African American poets of the Harlem Renaissance. Countee Cullen’s â€Å"Yet Do I Marvel† and Langston Hughes’ â€Å"I, Too† are comparable poems in that their similar themes are representational of the authors’ personal tribulations of racial inequality. By comparing these two poems, we get a glimpse of the reality of the injustices of racism during the 1920’s by two prominent Black poets. Cullen and Hughes were born within a year of each other, and consequently wrote these poems in the same year (1925). This is significant because it reflects the time in which racial inequality was prominent. Both poets were struggling with their emotions of being African American minorities in a society of White superiority. Their poems reflect the injustice of racism, which is especially revealed in Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"I, Too†. Most poems are filled with symbolism and abstract ideas, and â€Å"I, Too† is an example of such. This poem does not rhyme, nor meter patter truly be measured. In order to understand and grasp the meaning behind this poem, it needs to be read a few times. Sometimes certain aspects of a poem can be overlooked. For example, in the first line of the poem, â€Å"I, too, sing America† (line 1), Hughes cleverly uses an allusion as he is referring to Walt Whitman’s, â€Å"Song of Myself†, which entails similar themes. In Hughes’ poem, the speaker is addressing the country as a whole. Hughes’ use of excellent language and vivid imagery effectively expresses the speaker’s feelings towards racism. This poem explores the injustices of racism through the eyes of a black servant working for a white family. He tells us that he is sent to the kitchen when company comes. Every time he is sent away, instead of demonstrating anger, he laughs. This demonstrates that the speaker is a strong character with self poise. Hughes’ uses metaphor when he says â€Å"tomorrow† (line 8). He is indicating that the word â€Å"tomorrow† implies the future. He has faith that in the course of time, everyone will become equal, â€Å"Tomorrow, /I’ll be at the table /When company comes. /Nobody’ll dare/Say to me, /†Eat in the kitchen,†/Then.† (lines 8-14). The speaker then explains that America will be ashamed of having discriminated against him and other  African Americans. The point that Hughes is trying to make clear is that African Americans are Americans too, thus they should not be discriminated against for the color of their skin. The themes represented in Hughes’ poems are similar to those exemplified in Countee Cullen’s poem, â€Å"Yet Do I Marvel†. However, a major difference between the poems lies in the format. Cullen’s poem is a sonnet, with a rhyming scheme of ABAB BCBC DD EE FF GG (every other line rhymes, with the exception of the last two which rhyme consecutively). The natural flow of this poem helps us (the reader) become more engaged in Cullen’s anguish filled portrayal of racial injustices. Like Hughes’ poem, Cullen’s poem is also about the battle of racial identity, yet in addition, he uses religion and mythology to further express the speaker’s struggle with racial injustices. Although the theme of racial inequality is common in both poems, Cullen’s poem focuses more on the speaker’s continual reference to religion and the justification of Gods will. Unlike the hope that the speaker explicated in Hughes’ poem, the speaker in Cullen’s poem starts out having faith in God, â€Å"I doubt not God is good, well-meaning, kind,† (line 1). However, he later contradicts his faith in God due to the hardships of discrimination that African Americans endured in the last lines of the poem, â€Å"Yet do I marvel at this curious thing: /To make a poet black, and bid him sing!† (lines 13-14). We see the speaker’s lack of faith in God throughout the poem, which emphasizes his frustration and affliction with having to endure the everyday struggles of being discriminated against for being black. He uses mythology to further depreciate God’s actions by disagreeing with His punishments, â€Å"†¦declare/ If merely brute caprice dooms Sisyphus/ To Struggle up a never-ending stair.† (lines 6-8). The narrator is essentially symbolizing that God’s punishments are unfair cruelty, not only towards figures from Greek mythology, but towards him as well. The speaker considers God’s actions to be unreasonable, and we see this in his bitter words, â€Å"Inscrutable His ways are, and immune/ To catechism by a mind too strewn† (lines 9-10). The comparison of Cullen’s â€Å"Yet do I Marvel† and Hughes’ â€Å"I, Too† lies strongly in the last two lines of Cullen’s poem. He finally tells us, straightforward, where his animosity lies. In the last two lines, he vehemently tells us that he finds it unfair that because he is a black poet, his voice will not be heard; he will be ignored and pushed aside, just like the speaker in Hughes’ poem. However, the two poems also contrast with each other in that Cullen’s poem concludes with the speaker reiterating his unequivocal feelings of inferiority and lack of faith. Hughes’ poem closes in a more positive manner wherein the speaker asserts his faith and pride in declaring his right to be treated equal. Even with all of the contrasting aspects of these two poems, they do share a principle theme of racial inequality. Additionally, in these two poems Hughes and Cullen were addressing the mass society. They wanted to voice their concerns with racial discrimination. With Hughes’ use of vivid imagery and Cullen’s use of symbolism, they collectively utilized the art of poetry to effectively illustrate and express personal hardships of African Americans.

Fusion of Real and Unreal Realms

Magic realism – fusion of real and unreal realms. A comparison of F. Weldon's â€Å"Puffball† and J. Winterson's â€Å"The Passion† â€Å"My most important problem was destroying the lines of demarcation that separates what seems real from what seems fantastic† – Gabriel Garcia Marquez At the beginning, let me introduce the term: â€Å"magic realism†. As we can read in N. Lindstrom's book â€Å"Twentieth-Century Spanish American Literature (University of Texas Press: Austin. 1994): â€Å"Magic Realism is a narrative technique that blurs the distinction between fantasy and reality.It is characterized by an equal acceptance of the ordinary and the extraordinary. Magic realism fuses (1) lyrical and, at times, fantastic writing with (2) an examination of the character of human existence and (3) an implicit criticism of society, particularly the elite. † I would like to make a comparison of two excellent novels: F. Weldon's â€Å"Puffball † and J. Winterson's â€Å"The Passion† based on the definition. First of all, I would like to present an interesting relation between these two titles, that is to say, an appearance of two opposite groups of characters in each of the novels: a factual and a surreal type of a personage.Fay Weldon in â€Å"Puffball† portrays this relationship in a surprising way: a factual type is a man, and surreal type is a woman. Let me introduce you to Richard and Tucker, the first one is a husband to Liffey, a city oriented, down to earth person, working in a big corporation. The second one, who is married to Mabs, in spite of being aware of his wife strange powers, is a simple farmer. In opposite, we have females: Liffey, a girl whose process of changing into a women (what I mean here is her being pregnant) is a beginning of her new, closer to Nature life which enables her to gain new abilities.Next, we have Mabs, a regular country-side witch, daughter of Nature, who tries t o stop a birth of something new and unexpected – a new sorcerers and her baby . In the book, these women are a connection between a world of unknown and fictitious happenings and reality. They are like remainders of Nature's true power. By contrast, the men (especially Richard) symbolise lust and earthly pleasures, warning us that forgetting about our Ancient Mother may complicate our lives. Also, in Jeanette Winterson's novel we have this relationship (real versus unreal heroes).Henri, a perfectly normal, young man, who however later encounters different surreal situation, follows the Emperor because of his love and respect for him. Domino, who likewise belongs to the first group of characters, is a ordinary stableman, who takes care of Napoleon's stable, loves horses and Bonaparte's mistress – Josephine. On the contrary, we have a mysterious girl without a heart, Villanell, who comes from a city as mysterious as she is – Venice. She tries to return to her home land of wonders to finally start leaving a â€Å"real† life.Likewise Patrick, an Irish priest, who possesses an extraordinary eye, which enables him to see beyond the horizon and who is banished from his motherland. While being a Napoleon's solder he misses his home. Here, we can observe a quest for love. Henri and Domino have something that Villanelle and Patrick do not have – a hope, while the last two are left with a voice of reason which shows that sometimes love is not enough. Next I would like to head to issues concerning a choice of places in these novels. In â€Å"The Puffball† we have an opposition of London (city) and Somerset (country side).It is the countryside, where all amazing situations which cannot be explained happen. Maybe it is caused by the fact that it is located in a shadow of a mountain which is believed to be mystic – Glastonbury Tor. On the contrary, London is a down to earth place, people live their lives and do not think about something different than related to this reality. From the ancient times, countryside was identified with witchcraft and magic, there were legends about forests which surrounded villages, about eerie things occurring at nights. People felt living in a countryside was unsafe.Instead, city was like a safe zone, where you might have been anonymous however you were never alone. A city was a place where everything was reasonable, explainable, and most of all it was safe – you had not to worry about something unrealistic. Russia in â€Å"The Passion† provides us with a harsh reality of war: we are witnessing death, cold, fear. We are being led through this country of suffer by Henri, Patrick and Villanelle. It is like an escape route to a better, fairy-tale like world – Venice. In Venice, we can observe a new interesting way of presenting unreality: a city within a city.The underworld of Venice, the kingdom of mysterious, but dangerous people, where nothing is sure an d known (even laws of physics), where you cannot be sure if you are going in a right direction. Venice is like a maze, here you can hide yourself and your feelings. Every night the city starts to bloom – it is a city of sin and fun. On the other hand, Russia is a sad and cold place, where is only an empty space of white. At the steppe you cannot deceive yourself, run or hide because there is merely snow. I would like to devote the last section to events of these two novels.In Fey Weldon's book Richard leads a normal, middle class life in the city of no hope or glory. He is working at the city, trying to overcome his desires, and eventually to avoid responsibility for what he had done. His relationship with Liffey shows his lack of imagination, his numerous romances and constant unfaithfulness to his pregnant wife makes him miserable man. For instance, his affairs with Bella, Miss Martin and Helga – it is ridiculous how these affairs start to rule his life. On the other hand, we have Liffey and her efforts to reborn to Nature.She constantly tries to defy Mabs black-magic, and thanks to her unborn baby she awakens to the world of Nature and witchcraft. The opposite of incidents from Richard's life and unusual happenings which for Liffy becomes a daily bread, shows us how sometimes ignorance shut our eyes to a reality of an another person – Richard denies that Liffey's life is also real and that she did not make up all the extraordinary happenings. In â€Å"The Passion† we are presented to the life of Henri's village. It is a daily life of normal farmers, where an only surreal and extraordinary event was an elope of a lady (Henri's mother) with a farmer (the father).Whereas Villanelle's world is different, it is a world where you can steal someone's hart (literally) and lock it up in a jar, where a icicle with a pendant inside does not melt. Here, you have to prepare for unknown. An ordinary, countryside life and an exotic Venice life are like a water and fire. Sometimes, we fails to observe that simple is better and that not always we should seek for an excitement. As we can see, in both novels we have prominent elements of magic realism. The opposition real versus unreal can be made in each of the group of instances mentioned above, which are in sequence: characters, places and happenings.Also, I would like to point out that in â€Å"Puffball† a witchcraft is a main theme for the surreal parts, while, in â€Å"The Passion† an urban legend performs this function. A fusion of two world is inevitable, we cannot argue that the unreal elements should not be used and we cannot separate them from the real ones, because these stories would not be as complete and enchanting as they are now. At the end, to recapitulate my thesis, I would like to quote Albert Einstein: â€Å"Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one. †

Exercises Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exercises Week 2 - Essay Example Hence this will be the preferred investment, as the return is substantial and the risk is the lowest. c. If Sharon were risk – seeking, she would prefer the investment with the highest risk, unless a higher return is promised for a lower risk rate. In this case, investment X has a higher return for a lower risk. Also, investment Y has a return of 12%, same as that of the current return. Investment Y will also be preferred due to the risk seeking attitude. d. Based on the traditional risk preference behaviour exhibited by financial managers, the most preferred investment would be investment X. The main reason is that it has the lowest risk per unit of return (7%/14%) of 0.5 which is the same as that of the current investments of the firm. It is evident that the most likely values for both the options are the same. However, the worst case scenario for expansion A is a 16 % return whereas that of Expansion B is 10 %. Also, the return for expansion A lies within + 4 % of the most likely return of 20 %, whereas it is +8 % for expansion B. Hence the less risky project is Expansion A. c. If given the choice, I would prefer to take up the Expansion A, as it has lesser risk and the most likely return is the same as that of the high risk Expansion B. This certainly implies that I have a risk - averse behaviour. d. If the most likely outcome is 21% for expansion B, I would still prefer to opt for expansion A. the main reason is that the risk associated with expansion A is much lesser and the pessimistic outcome is very close to the most likely outcome. d. The expected return is the highest at 17.5 % for the portfolio 1 containing 100% of asset F compared to that of the other two alternatives. It is also evident that the three investment portfolios have the same risk associated with the returns. The coefficient of variation (return per unit of risk) is also higher for portfolio 1. Hence it is clear that

Tillies - Marketing Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tillies - Marketing Plan - Term Paper Example p to clients to all beach events including beach parties and theme nights Establish presence on social media including Twitter and Facebook Establish an employee training program by arranging workshops with foreign trainers Implement an electronic customer feedback system Establish employee rewards and discount program after one year of service Purpose Tillie’s Day Spa seeks to offer a wide-range of tailor-made spa services by foreign qualified and certified professionals for all generations, primarily those between 25-45 years of age. Marketing efforts shall be aimed at providing a glamorous decor with special lighting, textiles and music in the spa tents/rooms along with aroma therapies with scented, exotic candles and 100% natural lotions and oils. Picture Tillie’s Day Spa will attract its clients through social media, hotel referrals as well as wedding planners to try its services. Upon reaching the venue the customer is welcomed by female dancers from around the wo rld with specific days allocated to each type of dance. For instance, African dance will be held on Mondays whereas, belly dancing on Saturdays. The customer chooses with room to enjoy the spa services in, depending on his/her preferences and mood. Upon leaving with a look as fresh as a flower the customer returns and brings along her co-workers and neighbors for company as well as earning the reward points that will be added to her loyalty card upon the number of referrals she makes. This way the customer base expands as the elites and executive women continue to pour in to enjoy this high-end, sophisticated ambience. Staff shall greet these women with smiling faces and a glass of their favorite cocktail drink and escort them to their rooms. Special attention shall be paid to cleanliness. However, the staff shall not be dressed in uniform but as per the respective themes that will vary on a daily basis. These themes include African, American, Thai, Arabian and various others. Gap D ashboard The Gap Dashboard shall be used to address primary goals that will form the basis of marketing, tactical, strategic and personal decisions. Some tactical goals, however, shall not be tracked via this dashboard but through the Milestones chart. Key marketing metrics shall be accounted for by the Gap Dashboard every 3 months during the first year and bi-annually thereafter. Hence, actual results shall be compared against these goals to observe any variances. Marketing goals primarily include revenue and sales maximization of Tillie’s Day Spa along with the attainment of high customer return rate in a period of 3 years. The strategic goal of becoming a top quality day spa in Virginia shall be measured by attestation of ASQ Certification. Personal goals shall pertain to the increased involvement of the CEO in marketing activities, most importantly establishing PR with hotels and high-end restaurants. The following tactical goals shall be measured quantitatively: Ideal Cu stomer Day Spas usually have a

Habitat Loss- Wildlife Spieces Birds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Habitat Loss- Wildlife Spieces Birds - Essay Example An International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources report states that â€Å"the state of the world threatened bird species is worse than ever as since 1994 the number of bird species facing extinction has risen to 12% and 99% of these species is due to human activities†. Today there is an estimation of over 800 bird species under threat due to habitat loss. The National Audubon society reports Hawaii as the state with the largest number of endangered species over 70 Hawaiian species have gone extinct and 10 others have not been seen in years. Since the time of European settlements more than 50% of wetlands in the US and Canada have been drained or filled to lend way for development. Expansion of agriculture has also caused deforestation and conversion of grasslands and drainage of wetlands in south and North America. Human caused pollution mostly due to terrestrial runoff e.g. the Gulf of Mexico contains over 4,144 km2 dead zone with little or no oxygen, c aused due to excess fertilizers and other pollutants. The government laws and policies passed are also contributing to the problem. In September 2005, the house passed HR3824, sponsored by Congressman Pombo. The bill called â€Å"threatened and endangered species recovery act,† eliminates protection for critical habitat. ... It tops the list in America’s most endangered birds by the Audubon Society .The American birding society lists it in the class 6 species i.e. â€Å"definitely or probably extinct†. In fact it was considered extinct until one was sighted in Arkansas wildlife in 2004. It is the largest woodpecker species in the United States, the species ranged from Texas to North Carolina and southern Illinois to Cuba. Its main habitats are mature old forest, cypress swamps and mature pine forests. Ivory billed wood peckers mate for life. One pair needs at least five to six square miles of open forest to mate mostly between January and may every year and they lay between two to five eggs. Due to heavy logging causing deforestation and drainage of cypress swamps, mating became rare and rare as the birds didn’t have the right atmosphere for mating. Efforts for its protection are vigorously being pursued like; investors investing and adopting potential breeding areas which are being properly maintained. CARLIFORNIA CONDOR It is the largest northern American land bird; with the largest wingspan and the heaviest in weight. It is one of the world’s longest living birds with a lifespan of around 50 years. Its main habitats are rocky scrubland, coniferous forests and oak savannas. Their nesting sites are cliffs and large trees. Earlier they lived on mega fauna carcasses which unfortunately are now extinct in North America. They resulted to eating farm animals though none has ever been sited killing them, the farmers often hunted them down. One of the major reasons that have led to the reduction of this bird population are: they have exacting mating habits, their sexually

Personal reflection paper on servant leadership Research

Personal reflection on servant leadership - Research Paper Example On the contrary servant leadership style is the answer to all our leadership dilemmas, it teaches us to give priorities to our followers and not have the arrogance and pride of modern day leaders. It is about understanding human beings and keeping relation prior to money, power or fame. It connects our worldly desires with the eternal life and through the best example of Jesus Christ; it teaches us compassion, sacrifice and devotion to a noble cause. The balancing act between religious teachings and conducting our business is best described by this approach ensuring us success in both worlds, helping others that gives us incomparable peace and harmony eventually a feeling of self actualization. A literary analysis of servant leadership taught me a lot about this leadership style, it was an enriching experience learning about something that has real meaning of life. The Servant leadership phenomena basically reflected the idea of alleviating other’s lives and helping them in their development and achieve progress in their lives. While reading Spiritual Leadership by Darrell SC Peregrym I understood that basis of every religion mainly Christianity is humble nature of the leaders and prophets, intended to bring peace and salvation to those who are in suffering. Another lesson learnt through this concept was demarcation between state and church which acts as the basis of political system in western world now. Earlier teachings of Christianity equated money and worldly pleasures with evil however segregation between Church and governing bodies of civil society helped in establishing role of Church and its representatives as a servant leader (Peregrym, 2011e). Hence, it i s Church’s responsibility to provide guidance to people without seeking anything in return. Furthermore, servant leadership cannot rest only with today’s managers and senior

Horror dark fiction essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Horror dark fiction - Essay Example But Stephen King as well as Lovecraft use many times the dangerous character that cannot be described it’s something that even author cannot tell, but this fact frighten a reader even stronger. All people have fear of something unknown and strange and this fear can be considered to be the main acting part of such type of fiction. Fear of something unknown is stronger than of people or animals. Desperate position with unknown creatures or things can produce more effect on the reader than the equal situation with people or animals. But some authors are used to use people like a characters and in the work of Lovecraft â€Å"The Colour out of space† we can see something indescribable. Some creature or even substance that came from the space. One cannot identify for what reason it came and what it will do, but the effect on the people was terrible, as well as on the land. â€Å"  It must, I thought as I viewed it, be the outcome of a fire; but why had nothing new ever grown over these five acres of grey desolation that sprawled open to the sky like a great spot eaten by acid in the woods and fields† (Lovecraft). People became mad of something that was like an as teroid and animals began to do some strange things. â€Å"It was a little before this that the horses had stampeded. Something had aroused them in the night, and their neighing and kicking in their stalls had been terrible. There seemed virtually nothing to do to calm them, and when Nahum opened the stable door they all bolted out like frightened woodland deer. (Lovecraft)† There was one description of something that landed and it was some object that was constantly warm and has the colour that one cannot describe. Some people called it â€Å"Color of the space† (Lovecraft) â€Å"They had uncovered what seemed to be the side of a large coloured globule embedded in the substance. The colour, which resembled some of the bands in the meteors strange spectrum, was almost impossible to describe; and it

Tax avoidance and evasion schemes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tax avoidance and evasion schemes - Assignment Example The government has made tax evasion and avoidance one of its key priorities so as to reduce the deficit and boost the exchequer (Alan 2011). Tax evasion is illegal way of minimizing taxes thus stiff penalties are involved on individual or corporate bodies who evade taxes. Unintentional mathematical errors in tax returns are not considered to be tax evasion (McGee 2012). Tax avoidance is a legal way of minimizing tax liability, and it involves planning in advance an intended transaction so as to get a specific tax treatment. Individuals can minimize taxes through tax planning for example through schemes. Avoidance also involves disclosure. Tax avoidance and evasion schemes a) Defined contribution retirement plan Contributing money to a qualified employer sponsored retirement plan helps in reducing tax liability. A defined contribution retirement plan is an IRS approved retirement plan sponsored by an employer. Contributions made by the employees to these schemes are tax deductible, an d as a result, the tax payable is reduced. For example, if an employee who is in a tax bracket of 25% contributes 2000, he will save 500 (McGee 2012). Another benefit with defined contribution retirement plan is that the contributions made by the employee to the scheme are invested to a mutual fund. ... Such expenses include qualified parking, transit passes and van pool commuting. These savings made from the payroll are deductible for tax purposes thus tax payable is minimized (Alan 2011). c) Flexible spending account This account is also referred to as an expense reimbursement account designed for employees who pay for the child or parent care. FSA helps employees fund medical and dental expenses through salary deduction to out of pocket unreimbursed health care expenses limited by law to $2,500 annually and depended care up to a maximum of $5,000 annually (McGee 2012). Example includes prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs and annual deductibles. d) High income child benefit charge According to the Finance Act 2012 section 681B, a person is only legible to claim the high income child benefit charge if personal income for the year exceeds ?50,000 (Great Britain 2011). Also, when either a person or his partner are entitled to receive child benefit, or get contributions from someone else who claims Child Benefit for a child who lives with you..If you are liable to the tax charge and your income increases or drops, this can affect whether you continue to be liable or how much tax charge you have to pay. If your individual income drops to ?50,000 or less for a tax year you will not have to pay the tax charge (Karayan and Swenson 2007). e) Offshore business structures Investors make investments through non-resident companies especially ones with lower tax jurisdictions. Tax charged on rental receipts for overseas investments is 20% unlike 26% charged to residents. The tax is withheld by tenants or appointed agents from their rent. Alternatively, an approval from HMRC can be obtains for rents to be received at

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Biology - Essay Example Before choosing whether to save seeds the farmer is expected to determine whether the seed is crossable with other seeds, in order to come up with new plants, that have an increased productivity, and their products are more refined. E. O. Wilson (n.pag.) in his presentation notes that the little organisms compose the foundation of the earth’s ecosystem. But, in addition, he states that the various organisms in the ecosystem relate closely to each other to come up with a stable and balanced ecosystem. Notably, the ecosystem would not exist if only one type of organisms existed. According to E. O. Wilson (n.pag.) , most of the organisms have not been discovered, though presently the scientists are making numerous attempts to find them. He reiterates that smaller organisms are the most important creatures, since they drive the ecosystem. The nematode worms are an example of these organisms. Their increased numbers enable them to effectively influence significant aspects of the en vironment. According to the research, E. O. Wilson (n.pag.) acknowledges that there are more than 5 million species in one ton of soil. He states categorically that scientists are not sure of the role that various organisms play, though they are convinced that they influence the form of the environment in a positive way. There are various organisms found such as algae and disease causing organisms. Some of the disease causing organisms include the bacteria, while some of them are harmful, the others are important to man. According to E. O. Wilson (n.pag.) there are more than 500 organisms that are found in the man’s bucal cavity. He also states that if a closer analysis is made, then someone might notice some microorganisms have their origin far from the earth, basically these organisms are aliens. E. O. Wilson (n.pag.) states that most organisms are very susceptible to various harsh conditions in the biosphere. Though human beings have made attempts to eliminate the organism s due to their harmful nature, they have not been successful. The various harmful practices that man engages in, and that threaten the survival of the organisms include: the habitat destruction such as the climate change, invasive species such as pathogenic bacteria, pollution, human population expansion, and overharvesting which leads to the extinction of certain organisms. E. O. Wilson (n.pag.) mentions that if such practices are not stopped, a half of the organisms will be eliminated within the next century. Some of the limitations that can be felt if some of the organisms are eliminated include the loss of important scientific research materials, a lack of environmental stability, and also the disappearance of some pharmaceutical products, thus, affecting wealth, security and the health in general. E. O. Wilson (n.pag.) acknowledges that the earth is on the edge of losing important scientific information and may lose various organisms even before discovering them. According to t he USA research statistics only 15% of the total organisms on the earth have been discovered. Hence, he proposes that human beings ought to preserve the environment and, at the same time, access the encyclopedia of life, which basically contains various organisms found on earth. It advocates that human beings should search for a new life, understand it, and help to preserve it. Vandana Shiva is an anti-GMO activist who advocates

The Cost of Computer Literacy Essay Example for Free

The Cost of Computer Literacy Essay What are the costs of computer literacy? Some people argue that there are no such costs, but I believe there are a few which may be relevant. Does computer literacy affect the way we communicate, and if so, is this necessarily a bad thing? What is our future, as computer literacy becomes a necessity? What are the personal, financial, and social costs, as computer literacy becomes a necessity? According to Websters New World dictionary, literacy is defined as the ability to read and write. There is definitely more than one interpretation of the word literacy as we have seen in class discussions and from reading many essays on the subject. The world has grown beyond the understanding of literacy as the ability to read and write- we now have many diverse understandings of the word. But there is a new literacy emerging around the world that will soon demand the immediate attention of everyone. I am referring to computer literacy. As our society becomes increasingly dependent on computers to take care of our daily needs, it creates a high demand for skilled professionals to maintain as well as take advantage of this technology. The computer job market is like a wave, a technology wave. I had the choice to ride the wave and possibly make a lot of money at the age of only 18. But if I had not decided to go to college now, instead of working full time, there is no guarantee that I would have a job when that technology wave breaks. Last year, at the age of 18, I was working in a computer software company as a network administrator and making more than some people that have a college degree. Some may look at this as a tremendous opportunity, but I saw it as a possible pitfall. At first, I saw taking advantage of my high computer literacy as having no costs whatsoever, but what I was reluctant to see was that I was not taking any college classes to further my education. This would have proved to be a significannot mistake if I had not seen the possible negative aspects of not having a college degree to fall back on. How do you measure that cost or its cost to society? The degree and education that I get by going to college may prove to be a very important part of my future. As new technologies are developed, your job in the market may not be in demand. This is the case with network administration. Novell was a hot networking software package and then Microsoft came along and engulfed the network operat! ing system market with NT Server. Employers are going to be looking for people specialized in the hot fields. I have learned that a job is never permanent, but no one can take your education from you. Its about having options on your road in life and from what I have seen your education does just that. Have computers hindered our ability to communicate effectively? The question refers to our ability to fully express ourselves. Many times we just send e-mail that is very brief and doesnt reveal what we really want to say. We are increasingly taking old-fashioned ways of conversing for granted. The day of telephone calls, faxes, and just good old letter writing are almost phased out. Lets face it, its much easier and efficient to send internet mail that can be there in less than 10 seconds than having to hand-write a letter and put it in the mail. It costs you 32 cents and you have to wait days for the other party to receive it. But what will this cost society? New jobs will be created by technology but there is also the unemployment cost to those who lost jobs to technology. What kind of behavioral cost will come from this? What happens when we cant negotiate and have no people skills? What are the costs of these skills? Take a look at the way we now communicate with our co-workers. We are merely feet from each other in the office, yet we no longer stand up and walk over to talk with someone face to face. Why? Is it easier to send them e-mail and await a response? We lose many forms of communication this way. We dont get that one-on-one interaction with each other, we cant see gestures and body language, and this may even be ground for miscommunication. To me it often seems that we can put aside many of the things that we would not be able to if there was some type of face to face meeting. We can say that we havent received that mail, or that we havent checked our mail yet. Computers are making communicating easier, but are they making it more effective? Is there a cost to the technician working with no personal contact? Instead of calling on the phone to report a computer problem, there has been the advent of the e-form. This is yet another alternative to the phone call or talking with someone. The e-form is comprised of a template with data fields that give all the relevant information an administrator or technician would need to come and fix a problem or answer a question. This is a wonderful idea for 3 reasons: (1) You no longer need someone to answer a phone, (2) No lost information between the caller and the technician, and (3) you have the ability to log it in a database to keep track of problems which also allows you to analyze the data to prevent future occurrences. So, conceivably, your computer problem or question could be fixed or answered without ever having to talk to a single person. Communication is very important to our world. This is how we interact with each other, and ultimately succeed. We need to be able to share information in a smart and efficient manner. The computer lets us do this in many ways. For some though, the computer is financially out of their reach. With the price of computers hovering around the fifteen hundred to eighteen hundred dollar price range, this is not easily attainable for many. The monetary cost of a computer, ironically, seems to be the main cost of becoming computer literate for many people. The best thing about computer literacy it that once you have it you can keep on applying it. Tomorrows technology will evolve from todays hardware and software. Do you have all the options that you will need in your life? Computers are simply that, another option for your career and your life. It has changed the way we communicate some see it as better and some as worse. As computer literacy becomes a necessity we are faced with the facts that we are an ever-changing society that demands the use of technology. We will keep putting aside the costs of this literacy as long as we only see the positive aspects of a technology-centered future.

Wake Forest University President Nathan O’Hatch Essay Example for Free

Wake Forest University President Nathan O’Hatch Essay Wake Forest University President Nathan O’Hatch hinted that the success of the University has come directly from the students that inhabit the institution, along with the campus atmosphere created by them. He confirms that the university strives to obtain a vibrant and exhilarating community that moves toward success through education and character development. I believe that Wake Forest University is searching for students who will leave a positive impact on the establishment while having a strong concentration on their goals. I believe that my intellectual growth and experiences, religious background, and morally driven values and characteristics will contribute greatly to the expansion of the Wake Forest community. Lou Holtz once quoted, â€Å"Ability is what you’re capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it. † This inspirational commitment to challenge your mind to attain success each and every day measures the achievements that a person will achieve throughout their life. Throughout my high school career, I have experienced many educational opportunities and held many leadership roles that were vital to shaping my future. A person’s ability, motivation, and attitude are imperative characteristics that define their motives throughout all of their endeavors. I have found it very important for one to surround oneself with positive influences, along with a diverse group of people in order to expand and grow as an individual. If one converses with the same community each day, they will never challenge themselves in their knowledge, and in turn become less intellectually rounded. I strive to be an active student in my school who engulfs many ideas and is well-rounded in the aspect of education and extra-curricular activities in order to leave a positive impact on my peers for the betterment of my future, and theirs. At the beginning of high school, I embarked in a program that has impacted my life in many ways. I have been molded into a confident leader who strives to make a positive impact at my high school, and on my community, due to my advisor and my personal commitment. This organization was Student Council. In the ninth and tenth grade, I was elected Secretary and then Vice President of my class. I then was nominated and selected to serve as the second vice president of the entire student body, which ultimately set me up to be the Student Body President my senior year. I have grown into a person through experiences that have come along as a result of my being an active part of the Student Council. My organizational skills have proved effective as I have planned and implemented many ideas throughout my high school career in Student Council. I have actively planned three Homecoming skits and dances, four spring dances, three Powder-Puff games, two dodge ball tournaments, three Mr. Central Cabarrus Pageants, two volleyball tournaments, and many more events as a head leader in leadership class and Student Council at my school. During my last two years as the Student Body second Vice President and Student Body President, I have actively led the council in a direction that has not been travelled before as we have embarked on a community service project and active participation throughout the community. As the second vice president of my council, we successfully raised $19,000 for Juvenile Diabetes through fundraisers including a dodge ball tournament, a spring dance, and many other small projects. We have set ourselves a challenge of exceeding this goal as a school this year. I have organized the council to participate in the Special Olympic Games at the Cabarrus Arena for the past three years to support and encourage these amazing athletes. I strive to lead the council and my school with a positive force that places a strong emphasis on community service and school betterment projects. Student Council has allowed me to work with the administration and high level officials in the community, building confidence in myself along with furthering my social skills. On numerous occasions, I have submitted proposals to the principal and school board to implement events, and I have had to professionally stand as the student body’s voice as I discuss these issues with officials of our community. Although disappointed after the Renaissance breakfast was rejected, I responded with enthusiasm to begin the next project of Darfur Awareness Week, a cause for which I am very passionate. I have actively taken a role in the Beta Club, Mu Alpha Theta Math Club, National Honors Society, and Junior Civitan Club, as I hope to do everything in my power to leave a legacy at Central Cabarrus High School. I strive to leave the school in a better place than I found the thriving establishment. On an educational basis, I have enlisted in numerous advanced placement and honors courses to further my intellectual ability throughout my middle school and high school career. Currently, I am challenging myself to complete two rigorous courses consisting of AP English IV along with AP Government just in this semester. These two classes are the most demanding at our school, and I am one of only ten individuals of each class who dared to confront these two challenging courses in the same semester. I admire each individual in these classes and learn new ideas and beliefs by surrounding myself with these amazing and bright students. In my AP English class, I have been exposed to many philosophies, and many forms of literature, including Shakespearean sonnets and plays, which I would have previously never studied. In AP Government, I have watched and analyzed the differing views of Democrats, Libertarians, and Republicans as we analyze the modern constitution and judicial system. I have set a high goal of myself to achieve success in each class with a broad knowledge of information from each lesson. If I keep a strong focus on my ability, motivation, and attitude, I will continue succeeding in each of these classes. I believe Wake Forest University President indicates the success of the University comes directly from the character development and diversity which is learned from surrounding oneself with individuals of intellectual and diverse backgrounds, and this is something that I have learned to embrace. Along with challenging me each day to intellectually grow from my experiences and education, the importance of Christianity has impacted and shaped my life in many areas. I was blessed to have the opportunity to attend a Christian school until the age of thirteen, which assisted in molding me into a compassionate, honest, and respectable individual. I received a well-rounded education that allowed me to allocate a strong moral background and foundation for my life. I learned the importance of keeping a respectable reputation, giving back to the community, and continuing to practice humbleness before God. I have been a Christian for as long as I can recall and have grown as an individual due to this commitment. I have challenged myself to spreading the many blessings of God and exemplifying a positive Christian attitude in my every day encounters. I have portrayed an active role throughout the community and have an ambition of making a difference in as many lives as possible. As the Student Body President, a member of leadership class, and the Varsity Cheerleading Captain, I have had the opportunity to achieve my ambition already in my adolescent years. I am very active in Race for the Cure, Walk for Juvenile Diabetes, Special Olympics, Join the World of Winners, and Darfur Relief efforts. It is extremely critical to participate in volunteer community service projects for the good of your community. I have served as a volunteer Special Olympics Cheerleading coach for a gym in my area. As I have surrounded myself with these children on a weekly basis, I have learned the importance of dedication, open-mindedness, patience, optimism, and compassion. They have challenged me to live up to their standard, which in return has played a huge role in the basis of my character. Jesus once quoted, â€Å"It is more blessed to given than to receive† (Acts 20:35). With this verse in mind, a person can grow to see the importance of giving and, in return, receiving the satisfaction of impacting a person’s life. As an eight year old, I was one of five girls to raise $10,000 for the Masonic Home for Children in Henderson, North Carolina. This amazing experience left me passionate about helping others at an early age after seeing the impact that I had left on the lives of those children after we delivered the check. As I have visited numerous nursing homes and children hospitals throughout my lifetime and directly met victims of the current Darfur genocide, I have learned the impact that an individual can leave on another person needing support. With Wake Forest building their foundation upon a Baptist, Christian philosophy, my desire to reach out and help those in need along with exemplifying Christian character displays my willingness to continue to build upon the Wake Forest Community. Due greatly to my educational growth and religious background, I have developed many characteristics that will greatly benefit me throughout my life. After being selected as the Student Body President, I have had the privilege to lead Student Council and the Student Body in all of our endeavors. I have learned so many important qualities such as the importance of teamwork, reliability, dedication, and the ability to motivate a group of individuals throughout the leadership roles that I have held oover my high school career. My leadership advisor has inspired me to grow as a person and expand my leadership qualities into becoming the most successful leader that I can become. Over the last three years, I have become closer and closer to one of my goal: Striving to obtain success through keeping a positive attitude and leading a life of upstanding moral character. With each of the clubs and activities that I have been active in, I have learned responsibility and commitment is the key to victory. After my second day of AP English, I was asked to recite a speech concerning the topic â€Å"Who I am, Who I am not†. I was very nervous and spent much time preparing for what turned out to be an inspirational speech of what I strive to attain each and every day. After completing the speech, my English teacher asked me to give this speech to her Varsity Volleyball team. I was so honored and anxious, and before their big game I recited the speech to them. This meant an immense deal to me, and I was very grateful to do my best to inspire this amazing team. Through my English teacher’s boost, and my Leadership advisor’s inspiration, I have become a more relaxed and comfortable public speaker along with building a strong leadership character to follow with me throughout my life. I am a person who strives to build upon my leadership qualities for the betterment of myself along with keeping an open mind to all ideas of individuals as I build on my values and characteristics. Wake Forest University seeks to â€Å"wed knowledge with experience† just as a leader must do each and every day. â€Å"Two roads diverged in the wood and I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all of the difference. † Throughout an individual’s life they encounter many paths and decisions that define them as a person. They must sometimes choose the best direction for their life in preparing for their future aspirations. As a person of high motivation, I always choose to challenge myself with high goals and new challenges. Sadly, in today’s modern world it seems that the road less travelled is the right road; the road where, instead of walking alone through life never taking notice of others, a person stops along the way to reach out a hand to help those who are left by the wayside. This is the path which I have chosen to take for myself. I use all of my life experiences to build upon my life and achieve all goals that I strive to accomplish. I believe that with a diverse education, strong religious background, and character inspiration to becoming a great leader, I will greatly contribute to the Wake Forest community. Nathan O’Hatch’s praise to the beautiful campus and community of Wake Forest illustrates the intention of continuing to build upon one of the greatest universities in the nation. I strive to be a unique individual with high goals to leave an impact on the world. I am ready to meet the challenge of continuing to expand Wake Forest University through education and experience.

The Job Role Of A Social Worker

The Job Role Of A Social Worker A social workers role is to provide support for people who have been socially excluded or are experiencing crisis. They maintain professional relationships with service users by acting as guides or critical friends. There job includes working with people as well as working closely with other health and social care staff, such as nurses when a child has been in hospital. Social workers job includes working in a range of settings with relevant legal laws and procedures, supporting individuals, families and groups within the community. The different settings they might work in may include clients home, schools, hospitals and other public sectors and voluntary organisations. There job also includes working with young people and their families, work with young offenders, people with mental health conditions, school non-attendees, drug and alcohol abusers, people with learning and physical disabilities and also the elderly. The Government legislation focus on the combination of health and social work services, which means that social workers often work in multidisciplinary teams. Duty of a Social Worker The duty of a social worker is to ensure that all families are together and are in the best relationship possible, they also ensure that all children are treated well, and if not they try their best to find a home for children. They also have the duty of keeping children safe from harm that has previously been attacked. There duty is to provide guidance and support for all users of the service and helping the users to gain confidence and support in them. Day to Day Activities The day to day activities of a social worker includes carrying out interviews with service users and their families to access and review their situation. They also offer information and counselling support for the clients and their families, they also recommend and sometimes make decisions about the best course of action for the client. Social workers also make referrals for their clients for example referral to rehab if they have drug issues. They also maintain records and prepare reports for legal actions, by for example giving evidence to court and participating in meetings to provide the best service possible. Skills and Characteristics Social workers need to have certain skills and characteristics in order to full fill their duty. Having the qualities of a social worker enables them to gain job satisfaction. The skills, characteristics and qualities that a social worker needs to have is to be good at problem solving, this is because there are many situations that will occur which need good problem solving. They also need to have the skills of being a positive person, being committed to their job, being socially competent, good time management and good communication. Being able to negotiate is a vital skill which is needed to have the skills and characteristics of a social worker and being able to work in a team and co-operating when necessary. Social workers also need knowledge and understanding of legislations and legal procedure, but if not then this can be known whilst in training or in education. Responsibilities Social workers have variety of different responsibilities that they need to carry out professionally. They work with different aged clients and therefore their responsibilities differ from age groups. However the main responsibilities that they need to carry out are supporting clients, guiding them, advising them and helping people accept that some situations cannot be changed. They need to ensure that they maintain confidentiality about all clients and do not share any information without the permission of clients or they are able to share information with who they think its important to see. Social workers are able to work either private or public sectors. However are commonly employed in the public sector by local authorities. This is because there is always a need for social workers as there are not many left The Independent [2001] states that children are in danger because of the lack of social workers. Social workers are funded by the government through the local authorities. This is because they work in different locations such as, social services, hospitals, homes etc and therefore these departments have the major component of British local government expenditure. Teamwork Teamwork is very important during life as working with a shared group of people helps to gain success. Teamwork can be done by anyone; it can work for social workers or clients. Teamwork is very important in terms of the role of a social worker because they need to take care of all clients in the workplace and make sure that everything is up to professionally standard. Teamwork is important to maintain confidential information on the development of clients with themselves and other co-workers who need to know all this. They also need to write reports on the progress of clients and families. Without teamwork social workers will not be able to help clients progress, the better a social worker knows their client and the situation, the better they are able to help them progress and support themselves. Social workers need good communication skills as they work closely with doctors, health visitors and child psychologists. An example where social workers did not work as a team was the case of Victoria Climbie who died because of severe physical abuse. Images of social workers: The above images show that social workers work with young people helping them through their problems. They also work with people with mental health conditions, school drop outs, drug and alcohol abusers, people with learning and physical disabilities and also the elderly. Status Status means a persons position in a particular job. Their value in society, it is based on peoples success, gender, money and education. Questionnaire I carried out a questionnaire to find out what society thought about the status of a nursery nurse. To do this I had asked 10 candidates to complete my questionnaire. The results showed that 10 out of 10 candidates said that the job role they consider to hold a higher status between a social worker and nursery nurse was social worker. This indicates that social workers have a high status. In addition to this I found out that 10 out of 10 candidates said that social workers have more social importance in society, because of better pay, better terminology and they have more responsibility, this shows social workers are better than nursery nurses. Furthermore I found that majority of the people said that having high level of qualifications gives you a boost on the status ladder because they are then more experienced in what they do. When a person has a degree in such a subject they are seem as ,more important in society than a nursery nurse because you can be a nursery nurse at only doing GCSEs whereas social worker you need to be a graduate. They also said that status refers to how skilled you are in the society because if a person has been in educa tion for a long time they think that, that person has more knowledge in the specific area. Therefore having a job role title has an effect in society on the status ladder so from a social worker and nursery nurse the majority said social worker. Overall my questionnaire shows that majority of my candidates consider the job role of a social worker to have a higher social importance than a nursery nurse. The variety of reasons why this is the reason is mentioned in the above paragraph. Therefore this questionnaire indicates that social workers do have social importance in society than a nursery nurse, mainly because social workers need more education in their specific work area. Approval I have researched 5 articles from different newspaper and websites that referred to what the media thought of social workers. I have done this to see how the media might portray a social worker to the general public. This will affect status. The Guardian, (2010), implies that social workers are not carrying out their job properly. This shows that social workers are looked at negatively. The article is based on Baby P who died at 17 months due to being physically abused in 2007. The Guardian (2010), states Staff at Haringey council in north London wrongly concluded that the toddlers injuries were probably caused by lack of supervision and so used wholly inappropriate methods in his case. This suggests that social workers are not carrying out their job properly. In addition the BBC (2002), also implied that social workers are failing to do their jobs correctly. The BBC (2002), informs two social workers at the heart of the Victoria Climbie child abuse scandal have been sacked for gross misconduct. The Free Press (2010) states A social worker that admitted failings across the whole range of his practice, while part of a team working with Blaenau Gwents most vulnerable children, is beginning a two-year suspension. This shows another negative view of social workers. However, The BBC (2010) shows that social workers are doing there very best in order to ensure that a child is safe at home, this shows a positive side to a social worker. In conclusion the above evidence suggests that the media perceive social workers as not carrying their jobs out correctly. Although there was some positive articles found the majority articles were negative, therefore this shows that the media can strongly affect the status of a job role through the way it is communicated to people, it might be said the job role Social Worker has a low status, therefore the media affects status. Qualifications The qualifications that a social worker needs to have a three-year honours degree or a post-graduate qualification in social work. They need to have 200 days of practice learning. This ensures that people have the practical skills required of them, they also have the first 6 weeks of employment social care workers will be given initial education training, which helps to extend skills and experience for social workers. Other qualifications that are needed is the National Vocational Qualification (NVQ), which has now become a part of the qualifications needed for employees who want to have a career in social care. Qualifications that may benefit social workers are being educated further in the specific area they are working in and obtaining experiences. This is because the more a person knows and understands about being social workers the more they will be able to achieve satisfaction in their job. The more qualified a social worker is the more they are able to go up in the status ladder. Career progression Having a social worker career gives many opportunities to go into a different route for a career such as being a counsellor because of they can use the skills that has been gained from social working, they can become a team leader or manager in the setting. Social workers can progress in their career by choosing to gain some other qualifications such as working in different settings e.g. working with public, private and voluntary sector as this can progress their career. By working in different settings this can help in understanding how to carry out different job roles in different settings for example working directly with the people e.g. as a councellor. They can also progress by taking other different roles such as more managent roles e.g. working as a team leader. They can also change and progress career by working in the same role but working with a particular group of people to be able to widen their experience and specialise in a apraticular area such as working with children with learning disabilities. Local factors In this section I will be evaluating what I have researched about local factors that affect job opportunities in my area. Local factors, which influence job opportunities, are; job vacancies, transport such as buses, taxis, cars or cycles. It also can influence or affect job opportunities because of housing, the workplace and also because of jobs. In the Lancashire area there are many Social workers jobs available in large places. Therefore, social workers from smaller towns are able to access larger communities were more jobs are available. Qualified social workers in the public sector in England are eligible for help so there are able to buy homes near or away from work. Housing is a problem for all most every job if they are in big cities such as London, Manchester. This is because the housing prices are high and therefore some people cannot afford it and so they might lose out on the job or they pay extra on transport to get to and from work, and therefore this affects job opportunities. However if workers receive help from the government then this can enable social workers to get jobs in bigger areas such as London where jobs are always available. However forensic social worker jobs are available because they are recruiting qualified forensic social workers. These are provided by a private hospital in Bury. This gives social workers a possibility to provide services to the patients in the hospital. In Lancashire there is a shortage of social workers due to previous cases such as Baby Peter and Victoria Climbie, because of these cases social workers are not put under pressure as they cannot allow the same situation to happen again as this will result in extreme measures such as public not being able to trust them and they all lose their jobs. As a result of shortage of staff there is workload on all staff because there has been a high rise in cases. As mentioned before in the approval section, many people do not want a career in social working because of the negative images that the media has portrayed about them. There are around 323 children in Lancashire are being cared for in other parts of the country, as there arent enough social workers in this area. Research has been done on social workers and to see what has happened due to the shortage of them, and from the community care case-load survey [2010], it can therefore conclude that social workers have 40case loads each because of the rise in cases. This can affect job opportunity because this can cause problems for clients and social workers themselves because they may be under stress leading them in not being able to provide the best service for clients. This can affect job opportunity because some workers may not be able to cope with the workload and therefore leading them in not staying in a job like this. National and Political Factors In this section I will be evaluating what I have researched about the National and Political factors that affect job opportunities. The 2010 spending review states that about 490.000 public sector jobs are likely to be lost. Social workers faced 25% cut in October 2010 spending review, it results in a funding gap of  £2.2bn and this way only one in four elderly people will receive help from the council. This shows that social workers will not be able to care for all clients that need help and support. As a result of the job cutsjob opportunities have been affected because social workers job are not be available in smaller areas. 1,000 jobs are expected to be cut in 2010 and 2013, so  £80million can be saved. This shows that job opportunities are affected because there will be jobless workers who might not be able to find available in smaller areas. The 2005 European directive stated that social workers need to operate at both local and global levels. This means that they need to be aware of both local and global levels so they are able to work in different settings. The 2005 European directive introduced a new degree level professional qualification. After this was introduced almost, 10,000 social workers had applied to the UK, in order for them to gain the practice that is needed for this job. This shows that job opportunity has been affected because many social workers applied for this degree level professional qualification and therefore there will be many of them applying for jobs however they may not be enough for everyone. Many people may be attracted to this job role because social workers are entitled to non-repayable bursaries through the NHS Business Services Authority Prescription Pricing Division. This affects job opportunity because more people will want to work as they dont need to pay for their courses as it is NHS funded. Public sector workers face pay freezes and potential job cuts in the emergency budgets. This hits around four in ten workers including social workers. This shows that social workers are not getting paid for their job which affects job opportunity because they are not getting paid. Demographic Factors: Demography means the study of human population in a country for example in the UK, this research would include aspects such as world population, composition, birth, ageing, migration, race, death and change over time. This is used by governments and other non governments organisations because the government need to understand and study more about the populations so they are aware of the countries condition such as the economic market research. For example if there are a rise of births in the UK then there might be a rise in child abuse therefore they need to ensure enough social workers are available. The changes in the population affects job opportunities because as the population keeps growing then the more people there will be wanting jobs, therefore there may be lots of people who want the same job, however cannot get the jobs because the job availability may be limited. Social workers are more known for having female gender workers as high as 79% whereas male workers as low as 20%. This might be because people think females have better connection with people, as they are fairly positive and are good at problem solving and multi-tasking. Research shows that in 1993 women aged 20-24years were in cohabited relationships and having children. Therefore this shows that there are a number of children increasing, this can lead to more social workers needed if there are children e.g. getting abuse or have drug issues etc. This also can suggest that if there are not enough social workers then the workload for social workers can become high because in some areas such as in Lancashire there is a shortage of social workers. The BBC News [2009] suggested that there is a lack of social workers because in 2008 there was up to a third of posts that were unfilled. This shows that social workers are needed but people are not taking these posts, maybe because of the pressure it puts them under. This shows that job opportunities are affected because there are people who are not taking the available jobs. The social workers that have a high age have more experience in the social worker industry. The diagram shows that 25years or more have 20% more experience and therefore this may stop from younger workers in getting a job because the elder generation are not leaving their job because they need to provide [look at appendices]. The more experienced social workers the more experienced circumstances will be seen and be able to act accordingly without fail. Development of New Technology: It is important that everybody who works in both public and private sectors to gain new technology skills as this is created to help people in their daily lives. Therefore it is important that social workers use the skills required, this is because social workers can use computers to gain better access to their case studies rather than looking through a pile of papers. It is also important that even though new technologies are created for both work and home purposes it is important they have a back-up of what they do. This can affect job opportunities because there may be social workers who are much older and are not aware of the new technologies and therefore they cannot carry out their job properly or they may be made replaced. Social workers need to have IT skills because they will be able to update, change remove any information very quickly and easily. Social workers can just type a name in their database and all the information that is required will be there depending on who inserted the information. Conditions of work Social workers have choices whether they want to work full time or part time, this is because they will have different job opportunities. For example a social worker who is doing a part time job, can also complete a part time qualification such as a masters degree. The working conditions that a social worker, works in are part-time or full-time. There working hours are normally 37 hours per week. However in residential settings this may be different hours, depending on which clients they are working with. Social workers have a lot of paper work that they need to do and interviews that they need to do and review and therefore this can be both emotionally rewarding if they win a case but there job can also be very demanding. Therefore the work conditions are different depending on the person and the work place, for example in some areas there is a shortage of social workers and therefore other social workers have a heavy workload. Pay Social workers get a good pay, however the more the experience and qualifications the more pay they are entitled to. For example a social workers starting salary is approximately  £19,500 in the UK. However the more experience and qualifications some social workers are entitled to get a pay of approximately  £40,000 per year. This shows that they pay is good for beginners and the more experienced and also for the public sector because they get paid more than those in the private sector, research showed this. Holiday Social workers who work full-time have a statutory right to 28 daysHYPERLINK http://www.adviceguide.org.uk/index/life/employment.htmHYPERLINK http://www.adviceguide.org.uk/index/life/employment.htm paid annual leave, including bank and public holidays. Other workers who are pert time also have holidays but this may not be paid leave. They also get paid on paid leave, this is approximately 5.6 weeks. This is similar to what a teacher gets when they are on holiday however primary teachers, high school teachers etc get more holidays, this is because when students have holidays, teachers do to, even though it may not allow them to have a holiday because of the amount of work they might need to mark. Therefore this is good for social workers because there has been research done and shown that social workers in the public sector have more days than those in the private sector. Hour/Work pattern Working hours are normally 37- 40 hours per week, 5 times a day. They work from 8am 5pm every day. Job security Social workers all have good job security because the telegraph showed that there is a continued high demand and pressure on social services and healthcare, However though there is a high demand for social workers, there are many workers who have left the job because of the pressure and stress that has been put on them and therefore they left. Therefore this shows that to some extent there is job security, however this is not the case all the time. Pension rights When social workers work in the public sector some of their wage gets taken of them and straight into their pension account for future needs, this is money that workers in a public sector do not see. However in the private sector the workers themselves have to inquire on their pension schemes. However research has shown that social workers have to pay an extra  £75 a month in to their pensions if the governments plan to increase employee contributions goes ahead in 2012. Over time Four in ten social workers have unmanageable caseloads therefore they work overtime and some organisations give overtime pay whereas some do not give overtime pay. However sometimes, some organisations pay social workers if they work overtime however its not very easy to get. Job satisfaction Job satisfaction is when an individual is content with their profession. When someone feels he/she is capable and has value within their job, this helps them feel worthy of recognition. One way to achieve job satisfaction within a company is to promote the employees teamwork qualities, as this motivates the individual and is a good way to build his/her satisfaction. It is crucial that his/her colleagues help handle work problems and offer support. Consequently, this encourages people to feel their work is meaningful, honourable and so it allows the individual to respect others surrounding him as well as build a close relationship with colleagues. In order for a social worker to gain job satisfaction they need to be assertive and be able to negotiate on behalf of their clients and co-workers. Being able to analyse and assess situations shows that an individual is good at their job and shows they enjoy it, as they know what they are doing, this shows that social workers can gain job satisfaction by being fairly confident in the way they carry out their job, managing their time well and at the same time being reliable to finish a task when given. Another way for an individual to not have job satisfaction within a company is when they are not promoted by the employees teamwork qualities, as this stops motivating the individual. Also when there pay is not enough for them, they may start to slack in working, as they want to get the pint across that they are not getting paid enough for the job they are carrying out. Or someone can not be satisfied in their job because they havent got any friendly co-workers and the atmosphere is not a great place to be, therefore this can lead to dissatisfying job role. For an individual to gain satisfaction in their job they can improve the environment by trying to communicate with other co-workers and see whether they have any similar attractions or dislikes, they may work together on a case given to them to work as a team, they can listen to each others ideas to help the case to be finished. Client outcomes The outcome that social workers want is for all service users to have the best service provided. Their outcomes also includes offering and referring clients to relevant services, to be able to support and guide their clients and make them able to be on their own at times. It is important that social workers achieve all their outcomes because if they have not then it can lead to unprofessionalism and cases like Victoria Climbie and Baby Peter. Stressors Stressors means when an individual is taking on an activity, experience, condition, or a job situation, which causes them to stress. For example; Social workers have a lot of stress and things on their mind because of the amount of workload they have to deal with, role conflict, role ambiguity and family conflict. Other pressures related to being a social worker are having a tight schedule and also job performance as social workers are stigmatised by the media for not doing their job properly so this puts more pressure on them. The Guardian, (2010), implies that social workers are not carrying out their job properly. The article is based on Baby P who died at 17 months due to being physically abused in 2007. The Guardian (2010), states Staff at Haringey council in north London wrongly concluded that the toddlers injuries were probably caused by lack of supervision and so used wholly inappropriate methods in his case. Another stressful factor is trying to maintain a good relationship with bosses, colleagues and their clients. If job-related stress is severe this can result in physical, mental and emotional exhaustion. This type of job related stress occurs mainly in individuals who feel that they as a person and the work they do are not recognised. Research from oxford journals shows social workers who found their job satisfying felt that it was much pressured and that this adversely affected the service they provided. Social workers have indicated high levels of general anxiety. The psychological health measures have also found that in these professions if people do suffer from exhaustion they can perhaps go on a sick leave as they are known to take twice as much sick leave from work. The Daily Mail (2009) social workers take more sick days than any other public service professional. Anti Discriminatory Practice Anti Discriminatory Practice is a system to help fight against discrimination in the workplace. This practice helps prevent discrimination against race, class, gender, disability, age, homosexuality, domestic status, transgender, carers responsibility and others. This practice takes into account how an individual behaves towards other individuals in the work place and out of work places. All employees in the social worker sector take on this practice so there is no discrimination on the work grounds and promote equality for the employees and its clients. Sex Discrimination Act The Sex Discrimination Act helps protect females and males from discrimination. This Act protects people from being discriminated on the basis of gender, marital status, pregnancy, work accommodations, services, facilities and many more. This act also creates quality for both males and females in the work place. This is an important law within the social work grounds because it is important for all employees to treat everyone equally without discriminating who they wish to work with. Race Relations Act The Race Relations Act is a Law in the work place that prevents discrimination on the grounds of race. This law includes protection from discrimination of race, colour, nationality, ethnic or national origin, and many more. This is so that males and females from any ethnic background have the same equality as others in the work place. Social workers work with different people around the country, they will meet different people with different ethnic backgrounds and it is their job to make sure that all people are safe from abuse and discrimination. DDA 1995 The Disability Discrimination Act is a civil rights law, which prevents discrimination of disabled individuals, and has the same equal rights as others in the work place. It is important that people maintain these rules and regulations for the protection of the workers in the work place. Social workers help different people, these can be able-bodied people or disabled people and it is their job to take care of everyone from abuse and other forms of violence as disabled people are more prone to it. The health and safety (first aid) regulation Health and safety presents regulations on the responsibilities to preserve safe, clean and protected work surroundings. In the social worker department it is necessary for them to carry out first aid, risk assessments, working safely in the kitchen and many more to keep themselves and others from risk of infection and disease. Workplace (Health, safety and welfare) regulations The workplace regulations 1992 state that the workplace should be safe and secure for the employers and others who are present at the work place. Therefore it is important for social workers to take care of co-workers as well as clients who are present in the building or they will be responsible to what happens. Criminal Records Bureau (CRB check) The CRB service enables workplaces in the public, private and voluntary sector to make safe rec

Comparing Escape in Madame Bovary and Fathers & Sons Essay -- comparis

Madame Bovary and Fathers & Sons Many people have a difficult time dealing with the real world. These people search desperately for one thing: release from the toils of everyday life. Basarov in Fathers & Sons and Emma Bovary in Madame Bovary are also searching for an escape - through romance. Each character follows their own misguided thoughts and emotions. And by the end of their respective novels, each will have to come to terms with their decisions in dealing with an idealistic romanticism. Basarov, through most of the novel, is the personification of abstinence. He is introduced as a nihilist, "a person who does not take any principle for granted, however much that principle may be revered"(94). He denies the existence of anything that cannot be verified by empirical methods. To him, the world in one big laboratory, with laws waiting to be defined by experimentation and reasoning according to cold hard facts. A great deal of his time is spent in such experimentation. He is a doctor, educated in the sciences at the university in Petersburg, and applies his learning regularly during his nature walks at Maryino and with Madame Odintsov. He also exhibits other, less laudable characteristics as a result of his approach to life. Basically, he has trouble getting along with people. His arrogance and aloofness, especially in dealing with the "provincial aristocrats" (Pavel and Nikolai Petrovich), cause much conflict and ill will at Maryino: "[Pavel] regarded him as an arrogant , impudent fellow, a cynic and a vulgarian. He suspected that Basarov... all but despised him.... Nikolai Petrovich was slightly apprehensive of the young 'nihilist' and was doubtful whether his influence on Arkady was desirable"(117). Basarov detache... ...ent he thought of her; he could easily have mastered his blood but something else was taking possession of him, something he had never allowed, at which he had always scoffed, at which all his pride revolted"(170). Finally, early one morning in a fit of emotion, Basarov finally declares his mad, idiotic love to Anna. She responds with, "You have misunderstood me," and the two part company in confusion (183). The matter goes unresolved until a final scene at Basarov's deathbed. Neither Emma nor Basarov realize their fault in time. Emma returns to reality just in time to see her life crumbling and can't deal with it, committing suicide as a final escape. Basarov realizes his love for Anna only as he lay dying of typhus. So it appears neither had the correct approach to life. Maybe the correct approach is one of moderation; a balance of cold reason and glowing passion.

Eve of the civil war Essay -- essays research papers

On the eve of the Civil War, the United States was a nation divided into four quite distinct regions: the Northeast, with a growing industrial and commercial economy and an increasing density of population; the Northwest, now known as the Midwest, a rapidly expanding region of free farmers where slavery had been forever prohibited under the Northwest Ordinance; the Upper South, with a settled plantation system and (in some areas) declining economic fortunes; and the Southwest, a booming frontier-like region with an expanding cotton economy. With two fundamentally different labor systems at their base, the economic and social changes across the nation's geographical regions – based on wage labor in the North and on slavery in the South – underlay distinct visions of society that had emerged by the mid-nineteenth century in the North and in the South. Before the Civil War, the Constitution provided a basis for peaceful debate over the future of government, and had been able to regulate conflicts of interest and conflicting visions for the new, rapidly expanding nation. For many years, compromises had been made to balance the number of "free states" and "slave states" so that there would be a balance in the Senate. The last slave state admitted was Texas in 1845, with five free states admitted between 1846 and 1859. The admission of Kansas as a slave state had recently been blocked, and it was due to enter as a free state instead in 1861. The rise of mass d... Eve of the civil war Essay -- essays research papers On the eve of the Civil War, the United States was a nation divided into four quite distinct regions: the Northeast, with a growing industrial and commercial economy and an increasing density of population; the Northwest, now known as the Midwest, a rapidly expanding region of free farmers where slavery had been forever prohibited under the Northwest Ordinance; the Upper South, with a settled plantation system and (in some areas) declining economic fortunes; and the Southwest, a booming frontier-like region with an expanding cotton economy. With two fundamentally different labor systems at their base, the economic and social changes across the nation's geographical regions – based on wage labor in the North and on slavery in the South – underlay distinct visions of society that had emerged by the mid-nineteenth century in the North and in the South. Before the Civil War, the Constitution provided a basis for peaceful debate over the future of government, and had been able to regulate conflicts of interest and conflicting visions for the new, rapidly expanding nation. For many years, compromises had been made to balance the number of "free states" and "slave states" so that there would be a balance in the Senate. The last slave state admitted was Texas in 1845, with five free states admitted between 1846 and 1859. The admission of Kansas as a slave state had recently been blocked, and it was due to enter as a free state instead in 1861. The rise of mass d...

Animal Testing Journal Articles :: Animal Testing

This article is summarized as the experimentation to observe the intelligence and mental abilities of the Baboons. The achievements of the experiment are to better our understanding of the â€Å"high mental processes† of animals, chiefly Primates. The experiment entailed two baboons and two humans in a couple of relation experiments on a computer. Both pairs were subjected to the find correlations and relations on a computer screen and then using a joystick point in the direction of the correct answer. The correct answer would result in a smell food pellet for the baboons and the wrong answer would result in a 7-second timeout.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the APA guidelines they outline some very important issues sot the animals involved in the experiments are not abused. The first one I looked at is that research should be undertaken on animals only for a clear scientific purpose, I believe this rule will discourage random testing. The second guidelines of the APA is that the research have a significance sufficient to allow use and testing of animals. This also includes a clause on human pain is the equivalent of animal pain. The final guideline of the APA that I researched is section E which describes the psychologists behaviors as a monitor for the â€Å"animal(s) welfare through out† the research.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My views on animal testing both psychological and other must be done under two conditions: (1) the animals are being used for the purpose of bettering humanity or the human condition and (2) the animals must be treated if not like humans than better. The first condition is my way of saying that my experiment really does not follow my guidelines. The experiment was there just to see whether baboons (Papio papio) are capable of doing complex tasks, this has nothing whatsoever to do with bettering the human condition today which is in need of desperate aid. The second condition was once again broken by the use of food as the motivating factor behind the experiment, this means the animal was put in this situation hungry and HAD to be involved in order to acquire a must for survival, food.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ethical problems in this experiment were minimal so the treatment of Baboons. The protocol is normal to allow the baboons enough space in which to be comfortable and the experiment did not involve deception or possible injury or physical harm.

Gender and Family Essay

Gender and family affect minors and their delinquency in many different ways. Both are factors that begin in the early learning stages in a minors life and continue on into adulthood. With gender, the difference between males and females is the socialization, cognition and behavioral development. Much like family, the gender aspect of delinquency will begin to take hold in the early learning stages of life. But, with family, the members of the family, the accepted behavior in the family, and the way a child is raised is all going to affect the minor and their delinquency. Although, gender and family can begin affecting a child early on in life, how they learn, and in which capacity they learn behavior, is what will play the biggest role in their delinquency. There are many roles that factor into the gender differences between males and females and their ability or capacity to become delinquent. Socialization, personality, and cognitive development is different in regards to males and females. For instance; socially, females are more likely to sustain relationships, and be non-aggressive, whereas, a male is independent, aggressive and may show anger more than females. (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) In regards to delinquency, females are more likely to offend in an non-aggressive manner like running away, and dodging school. Whereas, a male is more likely to be involved in aggressive crimes like assaults, or murders. A female involved in delinquent behaviors may be deemed as one who has psychological issues like mood disorders, or schizophrenia. (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) Unlike the male who commits the same status offenses and may not be considered delinquent at all. The reason being is that girls are held to a different standard than what males are. They are also widely affected by experiences in life and, females are more likely to have been a victim of abuse of some sort. Those type of experiences are handled differently between a males and a  females. Not only do they handle the situations differently mentally, but the families and who they are raised by will react differently as well. Which is where the gender and family aspects of delinquency connect. The family of a child (whether they are male or female) plays a life-long impacting role on the life of that child. The arrangement or variety of family members, the behaviors that are deemed acceptable, as well as, the environment for which a child is raised is all how the family affects the child. In the United States today, most children live in a single parent home, while also, dealing with a frequent number of family disruptions. (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) The family members present in a child’s life can affect the minor tremendously. Especially because, most single family homes consist of mothers and their children. These children need positive male role models as well as a mother who does not work 3 jobs 6 days a week. Whether the family has always been a single parent family, or if it became that, it will affect the delinquency in a minor. The need for a â€Å"reliable source of emotional and economic support† (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) is incredibly important for childre n and will affect them not only as a minor but as an adult too. The family and how the household is ran affects the delinquency of a minor tremendously. Without the proper guidance, love and support children will always run astray. Children need that dependency and discipline in their lives. Some children may also live in psychically, mentally, or sexually abuse homes, all of which produces delinquent behaviors. The family factor can remain the same, escalate or even deescalate dependent upon the child’s life and surroundings over an extended period of time. Members of the juvenile justice system view males and females differently, there is no doubt about it. When dealing with females it is more common to see underlying factors such as abuse, or psychological disorders as reasons towards the delinquent behaviors. Whereas, with  males there generally is not any underlying factors (there are specially circumstances) but more or less, delinquent acts being committed as a test of their adulthood or manhood. But, according to Siegel, and Welsh in the book Juvenile delinquency: The core, female offenders are categorized into two groups: â€Å"girls who momentarily stray from the â€Å"good girl† path and are therefore deserving of solicitous, humanitarian treatment, and dangerously  wayward girls who have serious problems and must therefore be kept under strict control lest they stray further.† The different treatment is aimed more at females than males, mostly because females are viewed to be different than males. There is a certain level of maturity that a (juvenile) female is expected to meet regardless if they know it or not. Unfortunately in regards to the law, no it is not fair. Males should be held up to the same expectations that a female is. Although, punishments could definitely be different between male and female juveniles, the description of delinquency should not be different because of gender. Unfortunately there is benefits to being a minor female in the eyes of the juvenile justice system and society, and yet there is not. A female may be deemed a delinquent for minor criminal activities whereas a male would be looked upon as one who is â€Å"just being a boy†. While also a female can be given a break faster than a male considering their home life and mental issues. Its a double standard really. Because, family and gender plays such large parts in the delinquency of a minor, it is safe to say that it should be considered whenever a minor is entered into the juvenile justice system. Social, cognitive, and behavioral development as well as family life, the members of family, and how a child is raised all go hand in hand in regards to a minor becoming a delinquent. That goes for both males and females. There really is no sure way to ensure a minor does not become delinquent. Only steps that can be taken to avoid it from happening. These steps begin in the very early stages of development and continue to be taken throughout the child’s entire life. Positive role models, a good home life, and as much time as possible with the parent’s can all help the process along into the right direction. References Siegel, L. J., Welsh, B. C., 2005, Juvenile Delinquency: The core, Chapter 6 Gender and Delinquency file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/cjs240_week3_reading2.pdf Siegel, L. J., Welsh, B, C., 2005, Juvenile Delinquency: The core, Chapter 7 The Family and Delinquency file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/cjs240_week3_reading3.pdf